Thursday, May 21, 2020

Describing Actions Using While, As, As/So Long As

While and as are used to describe actions that occur at the same moment that something is in progress. While and as are sometimes confused with the preposition during. Both express the same idea, but the structures are different. While and as are time expressions and take a subject and verb. During is a preposition and is used with a noun or noun phrase. Take a look at the following examples to note the difference. Notice how the meaning remains the same in both structures: During We discussed the situation during lunch. (noun) They are going to visit the Empire State Building during their visit to New York (noun phrase). When / As We discussed the situation while we were eating lunch. (full adverb time clause with subject and verb) They are going to visit the Empire State Building as they visit New York. (full adverb time clause with subject and verb) Future: Use while or as to state something that occurs at the same moment that something else — the main focus of the sentence — important will occur. Time clause: present simple Main clause: future form Examples: Were going to speak about the modifications as you eat lunch.Shell work out the order details while we discuss what to do next. Present: Use while or as to express what always happens when something else important takes place. This use of while and as is not as common as the time expression when. Notice that the preposition during is often used in place of while or as to express the same idea. Time clause: present simple Main clause: present simple Examples: He usually has lunch while he takes a walk around the campus.Angela often takes notes as the meeting progresses. Past: While and as are used in the past to express an action that was occurring at the moment when something important happened. While and as are also used to express two actions that were happening at the same moment in the past. Time clause: past simple OR past continuous Main clause: past simple OR past continuous Examples: Doug was drying the dishes while we were watching TV.Peter took notes as we discussed the merger. During an Entire Period of Time As long as and so long as are similar in use to while and as. However, as / so long as is used for longer period of times, while when and as are used for more specific, shorter periods of time. As / so long as are also used to stress that something will happen, happens or happened over the entire period of time in an emphatic manner. Although examples are provided for ​the past, present and future, as long as and so long as are generally used with future forms. Notice the use of tenses: Future: Use so / as long as that something will not happen for the entire period of time expressed by the time clause with as / so long as. Time clause: present simple Main clause: future form Examples: I will never play golf as long as I live.She will never return so long as she breathes. Present: Use as / so long as to express that something happens or doesnt happen over the entire period of time that another event occurs. Time clause: present simple Main clause: present simple Examples: As long as he plays piano, I go for a walk.She visits with her month, so long as her husband has to take care of business in town. Past: Use as / so long as to describe an action that did or didnt occur over a longer period of time in the past. Time clause: past simple ï » ¿Main clause: past simple OR past continuous Examples: She didnt get any exercise as long as she was working 60 hours a week.Peter didnt enjoy his company so long as he was in the house.

Tuesday, May 19, 2020

Swot Analysis Of Bmw s Top 50 Socially Responsible Company

Executive Summary BMW is a leading company in the transportation and logistic industry. This report provides an analysis and evaluation of BMW Group s stakeholders, social responsibility activities and programs, ethics as well as their approach to globalization and sustainability. Based on our findings we have determined that BMW s position on Maclean s Top 50 Socially Responsible Company is justified as the analysis on our research affirms that BMW has taken initiative to implement corporate social responsibility into their business practice and activities. Industry Analysis Bayerische Motoren Werke AG (BMW), as defined by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), are part of the motor vehicle body†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, according to Interbrand s 2015 best global brands, Toyota was in sixth place, followed by BMW in eleventh and Mercedes-Benz in twelfth place. In terms of the worst performing automotive companies both socially and environmentally; Ford is known as one of the worst. (ILRF, 2005) Mentioned by US Environmental Protection Agency, they record Ford as having the worst overall fuel economy every year between 1999 and 2005. (ILRF, 2005) Company Overview BMW is classified by NAICS to work in the motor vehicle body manufacturing industry. This includes the fabrication of trucks, buses, cabs and automobile chassis to either be assembled there or elsewhere. (NAICS, 2015) In 2007, BMW stated that they had one goal; to be the leading company in their industry by 2020 and that they would do so by focusing on four objectives: growth, shaping the future, profitability, and access to technologies and customers. (BMW, 2014) Since then BMW has created a second board, the sustainability board, composed of the same members as the board of directors to guarantee that BMW will plan long term. Stated in their 2014 Sustainable Value Report, BMW mentioned that they value the environment by working with other companies to search for more sustainable options as well as implementing safety features in their cars to make roads safer for everyone. (BMW, 2014) In summary,

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Importance Of The Content Of The School Curriculum

The University of Buckingham What principles should inform the content of the school curriculum? Cuckoo Hall Academy Alev Mehmet Bob Green â€Å"Educating the mind without educating the heart is no education at all.† The purpose of this essay is to determine what principles should inform the content of the school curriculum. The curriculum itself can be determined by several factors. This is something I will build upon later in the essay. But just what is curriculum, and how might it be theorised? The curriculum represents a set of values or desired goals; it is defined and purposeful, so our children can have a successful learning experience. (Wiles Bondi, 2007). In this essay I will be looking at the purpose/relevance of the school curriculum, the theories behind it and how these relate to the principles which should inform the content of the school curriculum. The curriculum aims to ensure children flourish in life, as well as, develop the skills and knowledge required to be a successful learner and an effective contributor in society. But then again, do History, Geography and RE enable the children of today to be successful in the future? Will these subjects ever directly relate to everyday life? Lawrence Stenhouse (1975) proposes that a curriculum is somewhat similar to a recipe in cookery; does it nourish the children, or does it just taste nice? Just like a recipe can be altered to taste, as can a curriculum. However, this is something we need to thinkShow MoreRelatedShould Curriculum Be Standardized for All? Essay774 Words   |  4 Pagesstate guided curriculum students are limited to the standards and content of knowledge. Students are all given the same multiple choice test, on the same day, at the same time. Students are not given a chance to show their depth of knowledge. Schools must decide how to teach the standardized curriculum. Schools must figure out how to mesh a standardized and non-standardized curriculum. Can students guide their own curriculum and perform well on tests? Standardized Curriculum and Testing Read MoreMiddle Schooling Philosophy And Pedagogy1165 Words   |  5 Pagesreflect on the content explored within the topic EDUC 1223: Middle Schooling Philosophy and Pedagogy. The key ideas learnt within this topic will be linked and explored in three overall topics; integrated and negotiated curriculum, approaches to teaching resilience and approaches to teaching higher order thinking skills. Each topic will then be applied to personally to my future career in teaching mathematics. The first key ideas to be discussed within this paper is the importance of an integratedRead MoreCriteria List For Curriculum Decision1063 Words   |  5 PagesCriteria List For Curriculum Decision †¢ The aim of Social Studies is the promotion of civic competence the knowledge, intellectual processes, and democratic dispositions required of students to be active and engaged participants in public life. 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In this course we defined curriculum, the aspects that are considered when writing curriculum, the theoretical perspectives found within curriculum, and the goals of the curriculum. By writing this paper, I was able to focus in on a unit that I teach in third grade social studies to get a full picture of the curriculum. I was also able to see the complex issues surrounding the curriculum that I never previouslyRead MoreEducation and Diversity Issues Assignment Essays690 Words   |  3 PagesAssig nment The three most pressing diversity issues in an educational setting or schools today are the race/ethnic background of a child affecting his or her education opportunities, professional development opportunity to train teachers on diversity, and allowing access to rich and rigorous curriculum and content aligned to the standards regardless of a student’s diversity. Each of these has impacted my school. The school I work for has taken step or set up new procedures to reduce the effects of theseRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Writing Across The Curriculum1558 Words   |  7 Pages Annotated Bibliography Writing Across the Curriculum EDU 630 Fall 2014 Karen Tootle William Carey University The concept of writing across the curriculum (WAC) is a contemporary movement founded on the belief that writing in all content areas improves not only writing skills, but also increases content knowledge. In recent years, pressure from increased rigor on standardized tests and the push toward Common Core has created a shift in education. The days of memorizing and â€Å"drill andRead MoreElevating The Essentials Of Radically Improve Student Learning1196 Words   |  5 PagesNational Association of Secondary School Principals in 2014. Schmoker has also written many articles for educational research journals, newspapers, and Time Magazine. Before becoming an internationally renowned author, Schmoker served as a school administrator, teacher, and football coach. Major Points of the Book/Summary: In keeping with the title of the text, the book puts forth the argument that simply focusing on the things that truly matter in schools (namely k-12 institutions) is theRead MoreWhat Is Curriculum Mapping?759 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is curriculum mapping? Curriculum mapping is the process of recording what students will be taught over a period of time (ASCD, 2001). The curriculum map should be built using the grade level curriculum standards. A curriculum map is a living document that includes content, skills, and assessments that will be a part of the learning process. In addition, the Teaching/Learning Mapping Strategy (TLMS) also includes learning activities within a curriculum map as an important part of the learningRead MoreApproaching Instruction With Clear Instructional Goals,1294 Words   |  6 Pagesguaranteed and viable curriculum as one of 11 factors with a proven track record of increasing student achievement. Marzano (2003) defines a guaranteed and viable curriculum as one in which Clear guidance is given to teachers regarding the content to be addressed in specific courses, at specific grade levels. Individual teachers do not have the option to disregard or replace content that has been assigned to a specific course or grade level. The content articulated in the curriculum for a given course

Free Oedipus Essays Forms Of Light And Darkness

FORMS OF LIGHT AND DARKNESS IN OEDIPUS REX As a key theme in Greek literature, it has been mentioned that truly the only ones who can see are blind. Specifically in the play â€Å"Oedipus Rex†, Sophocles has focused on nurturing the idea that there is no requirement of eyes for having a real sight, as there requires an ability for seeing beyond the dimension of elements. As per Sophocles, one should not have the ability of seeing something, but one must have the ability of understanding it (Eskin, 1963). As a thesis statement for this essay, Oedipus Rex consists of several references to sight and blindness, and to darkness and light. In context with this thesis statement, the aim of this essay is to identify three different forms of darkness and light. Blindness and Sight In the play, Teiresias has held the key linking between blindness and sight, as even though he has not sight, he has the ability of seeing and predicting the future. He also referred to the unknown incestuous relationship of Oedipus and his father murdered as well. Hence, in context with knowledge, this form of darkness and light depicts that for being blind, there is a reference to forget or done unknowingly (Eskin, 1963). As the play ended, in addition to this, Oedipus ends up blinding himself, as what has been seen by him metaphorically, leaving him without the ability of facing his parents or his family during his afterlife. (Fig: Extracts on forms of light and dark from the Play) (Source: Eskin,Show MoreRelatedQuestions On The Guilt Of Oedipus 1574 Words   |  7 PagesCounterarguments Free Will and Hamartia Counterargument #1: P. H. Vellacott for Free Will Many classicists believe that Oedipus’s fall is due to his Free will and the decisions he makes. Those who hold this belief hold that Oedipus made his own decisions, which is what led to his fall and that he was not compelled by some external source. P. H. Vellacott is a strong supporter of this theory. As such, in his famous essay, â€Å"The Guilt of Oedipus,† Vellacott argues that, factually speaking, Oedipus must haveRead MoreEssay Prompts4057 Words   |  17 PagesAP ENGLISH LIT AND COMP FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS 2004 (Form A): Critic Roland Barthes has said, â€Å"Literature is the question minus the answer.† Choose a novel or play and, considering Barthes’ Observation, write an essay in which you analyze a central question the work raises and the extent to which it offers any answers. Explain how the author’s treatment of this question affects your understanding of the work as a whole. Avoid mere plot summary. You may select a work from the list below or anotherRead More Plato, Sir Francis Bacon, and Albert Camus: What is knowledge?2227 Words   |  9 Pagescould be known were skills that were subjective to the user. Skepticism of this variety was encountered by one of the great minds of philosophy, Socrates, who spent much of his life, as we know it through Plato, arguing against sophism and its many forms in his pursuit of attempting to actually discover what could be known and if anyone actually did know anything. Knowledge, to Socrates, was a thing called arete or virtue, and the only thing Socrates knew was that he knew nothing which made him, ironicallyRead MoreSimilarities and Dissimilarities Between Shelley and Keats6975 Words   |  28 Pagesthe greatest Romantic writers of the period. 02)  Imagination Imagination is one of the striking characteristics of Romantic Poets. P. B. Shelleys poem To a Skylark and John Keatss poem Ode to a Nightingale are both centered on nature in the form of birds. Both poems are classified as Romantic and have certain poetic elements in common, but in addition both poems have differences in style and in theme that differentiate them clearly. 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Existentialism asserts that â€Å"existence precedes essence,† which is in opposition to the classical doctrine that â€Å"essence precedes existence.† The claim â€Å"existence precedes essence† is a rejection of the idea that human nature has an end or goal. In this sense, humans are free toRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pagesthey can at present be identified. No attempt has been made to impose a logical order on the illogicality of the book. Book I In the preface, after some autobiographical material, the author gives his reason for writing the work, which is to shed light on the nature of magic, a secret closely guarded by the ancient philosophers. He adds a summary of the contents of his four books (pp.1-3). This is replaced, in some manuscripts, by a detailed list of contents, arranged by chapter, of which a translation

Business Performance Management Assessment Tools Free Essays

Business performance management is a set of management and analytic processes that enable the management of an organisation’s performance to achieve one or more pre-selected goals. Synonyms for â€Å"business performance management† include â€Å"corporate performance management† and â€Å"enterprise performance management†. [1][2] Business performance management is contained within approaches to business process management. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Performance Management Assessment Tools or any similar topic only for you Order Now [3] Business performance management has three main activities: 1. selection of goals, . consolidation of measurement information relevant to an organisation’s progress against these goals, and 3. interventions made by managers in light of this information with a view to improving future performance against these goals. Although presented here sequentially, typically all three activities will run concurrently, with interventions by managers affecting the choice of goals, the measurement information monitored, and the activities being undertaken by the organisation.Because business performance management activities in large organisations often involve the collation and reporting of large volumes of data, many software vendors, particularly those offering business intelligence tools, market products intended to assist in this process. As a result of this marketing effort, business performance management is often incorrectly understood as an activity that necessarily relies on software systems to work, and many definitions of business performance management explicitly suggest software as being a definitive component of the approach. 4] This interest in business performance management from the software community is sales-driven[citation needed] – â€Å"The biggest growth area in operational BI analysis is in the area of business performance management. â€Å"[5] Since 1992, business performance management has been strongly influenced by the rise of the balanced scorecard framework. It is common for managers to use the balanced scorecard framework to clarify the goals of an organisation, to identify how to track them, and to structure the mechanisms by which interventions will be triggered.These steps are the same as those that are found in BPM, and as a result balanced scorecard is often used as the basis for business performance management activity with organisations. [citation needed] In the past[update], owners have sought to drive strategy down and across their organizations, transform these strategies into actionable metrics and use analytics to expose the cause-and-effect relationships that, if understood, could give insight into decision-making. Reference to non-business performance management occurs[citation needed] in Sun Tzu’s The Art of War. Sun Tzu claims that to succeed in war, one should have full knowledge of one’s own strengths and weaknesses as well as those of one’s enemies. Lack of either set of knowledge might result in defeat. Parallels between the challenges in business and those of war include[citation needed]: * collecting data – both internal and external * discerning patterns and meaning in the data (analyzing) * responding to the resultant information Prior to the start of the Information Age in the late 20th century, businesses sometimes took the trouble to laboriously collect data from non-automated sources.As they lacked computing resources to properly analyze the data, they often made commercial decisions primarily on the basis of intuition. As businesses started automating more and more systems, more and more data became available. However, collection often remained a challenge due to a lack of infrastructure for data exchange or due to incompatibilities between systems. Reports on the data gathered sometimes took months to generate. Such reports allowed informed long-term strategic decision-making. However, short-term tactical decision-making often continued to rely on intuition.In 1989 Howard Dresner, a research analyst at Gartner, popularized â€Å"business intelligence† (BI) as an umbrella term to describe a set of concepts and methods to improve business decision-making by using fact-based support systems. Performance management builds on a foundation of BI, but marries it to the planning-and-control cycle of the enterprise – with enterprise planning, consolidation and modeling capabilities. Increasing standards, automation, and technologies have led to vast amounts of data becoming available.Data warehouse technologies have allowed the building of repositories to store this data. Improved ETL and enterprise application integration tools have increased the timely collecting of data. OLAP reporting technologies have allowed faster generation of new reports which analyze the data. As of 2010[update], business intelligence has become the art of sieving through large amounts of data, extracting useful information and turning that information into actionable knowledge. [citation needed] [edit] Definition and scopeBusiness performance management consists of a set of management and analytic processes, supported by technology, that enable businesses to define strategic goals and then measure and manage performance against those goals. Core business performance management processes include financial planning, operational planning, consolidation and reporting, business modeling, analysis, and monitoring of key performance indicators linked to strategy. Business performance management involves consolidation of data from various sources, querying, and analysis of the data, and putting the results into practice. edit] Methodologies Various methodologies for implementing bus iness performance management exist. The discipline gives companies a top-down framework by which to align planning and execution, strategy and tactics, and business-unit and enterprise objectives. Reactions may include the Six Sigma strategy, balanced scorecard, activity-based costing (ABC), Total Quality Management, economic value-add, integrated strategic measurement and Theory of Constraints. The balanced scorecard is the most widely adopted[citation needed] performance management methodology.Methodologies on their own cannot deliver a full solution to an enterprise’s CPM needs. Many pure-methodology implementations fail to deliver the anticipated benefits due to lack of integration with fundamental CPM processes. [citation needed] [edit] Metrics and key performance indicators Some of the areas from which bank management may gain knowledge by using business performance management include: * customer-related numbers: * new customers acquired * status of existing customers attrition of customers (including breakup by reason for attrition) * turnover generated by segments of the customers – possibly using demographic filters * outstanding balances held by segmen ts of customers and terms of payment – possibly using demographic filters * collection of bad debts within customer relationships * demographic analysis of individuals (potential customers) applying to become customers, and the levels of approval, rejections and pending numbers * delinquency analysis of customers behind on payments profitability of customers by demographic segments and segmentation of customers by profitability * campaign management * real-time dashboard on key operational metrics * overall equipment effectiveness * clickstream analysis on a website * key product portfolio trackers * marketing-channel analysis * sales-data analysis by product segments * callcenter metricsThough the above list describes what a bank might monitor, it could refer to a telephone company or to a similar service-sector company. Items of generic importance include: 1. onsistent and correct KPI-related data providing insights into operational aspects of a company 2. timely availability of KPI-related data 3. KPIs designed to directly reflect the efficiency and effectiveness of a business 4. information presented in a format which aids decision-making for management and decision-makers 5. ability to discern patterns or trends from organized information Business performance management integrates the company’s processes with CRM or[citation needed] ERP. Companies should become better able to gauge customer satisfaction, control customer trends and influence shareholder value. [citation needed] How to cite Business Performance Management Assessment Tools, Papers

Business Performance Management Assessment Tools Free Essays

Business performance management is a set of management and analytic processes that enable the management of an organisation’s performance to achieve one or more pre-selected goals. Synonyms for â€Å"business performance management† include â€Å"corporate performance management† and â€Å"enterprise performance management†. [1][2] Business performance management is contained within approaches to business process management. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Performance Management Assessment Tools or any similar topic only for you Order Now [3] Business performance management has three main activities: 1. selection of goals, . consolidation of measurement information relevant to an organisation’s progress against these goals, and 3. interventions made by managers in light of this information with a view to improving future performance against these goals. Although presented here sequentially, typically all three activities will run concurrently, with interventions by managers affecting the choice of goals, the measurement information monitored, and the activities being undertaken by the organisation.Because business performance management activities in large organisations often involve the collation and reporting of large volumes of data, many software vendors, particularly those offering business intelligence tools, market products intended to assist in this process. As a result of this marketing effort, business performance management is often incorrectly understood as an activity that necessarily relies on software systems to work, and many definitions of business performance management explicitly suggest software as being a definitive component of the approach. 4] This interest in business performance management from the software community is sales-driven[citation needed] – â€Å"The biggest growth area in operational BI analysis is in the area of business performance management. â€Å"[5] Since 1992, business performance management has been strongly influenced by the rise of the balanced scorecard framework. It is common for managers to use the balanced scorecard framework to clarify the goals of an organisation, to identify how to track them, and to structure the mechanisms by which interventions will be triggered.These steps are the same as those that are found in BPM, and as a result balanced scorecard is often used as the basis for business performance management activity with organisations. [citation needed] In the past[update], owners have sought to drive strategy down and across their organizations, transform these strategies into actionable metrics and use analytics to expose the cause-and-effect relationships that, if understood, could give insight into decision-making. Reference to non-business performance management occurs[citation needed] in Sun Tzu’s The Art of War. Sun Tzu claims that to succeed in war, one should have full knowledge of one’s own strengths and weaknesses as well as those of one’s enemies. Lack of either set of knowledge might result in defeat. Parallels between the challenges in business and those of war include[citation needed]: * collecting data – both internal and external * discerning patterns and meaning in the data (analyzing) * responding to the resultant information Prior to the start of the Information Age in the late 20th century, businesses sometimes took the trouble to laboriously collect data from non-automated sources.As they lacked computing resources to properly analyze the data, they often made commercial decisions primarily on the basis of intuition. As businesses started automating more and more systems, more and more data became available. However, collection often remained a challenge due to a lack of infrastructure for data exchange or due to incompatibilities between systems. Reports on the data gathered sometimes took months to generate. Such reports allowed informed long-term strategic decision-making. However, short-term tactical decision-making often continued to rely on intuition.In 1989 Howard Dresner, a research analyst at Gartner, popularized â€Å"business intelligence† (BI) as an umbrella term to describe a set of concepts and methods to improve business decision-making by using fact-based support systems. Performance management builds on a foundation of BI, but marries it to the planning-and-control cycle of the enterprise – with enterprise planning, consolidation and modeling capabilities. Increasing standards, automation, and technologies have led to vast amounts of data becoming available.Data warehouse technologies have allowed the building of repositories to store this data. Improved ETL and enterprise application integration tools have increased the timely collecting of data. OLAP reporting technologies have allowed faster generation of new reports which analyze the data. As of 2010[update], business intelligence has become the art of sieving through large amounts of data, extracting useful information and turning that information into actionable knowledge. [citation needed] [edit] Definition and scopeBusiness performance management consists of a set of management and analytic processes, supported by technology, that enable businesses to define strategic goals and then measure and manage performance against those goals. Core business performance management processes include financial planning, operational planning, consolidation and reporting, business modeling, analysis, and monitoring of key performance indicators linked to strategy. Business performance management involves consolidation of data from various sources, querying, and analysis of the data, and putting the results into practice. edit] Methodologies Various methodologies for implementing bus iness performance management exist. The discipline gives companies a top-down framework by which to align planning and execution, strategy and tactics, and business-unit and enterprise objectives. Reactions may include the Six Sigma strategy, balanced scorecard, activity-based costing (ABC), Total Quality Management, economic value-add, integrated strategic measurement and Theory of Constraints. The balanced scorecard is the most widely adopted[citation needed] performance management methodology.Methodologies on their own cannot deliver a full solution to an enterprise’s CPM needs. Many pure-methodology implementations fail to deliver the anticipated benefits due to lack of integration with fundamental CPM processes. [citation needed] [edit] Metrics and key performance indicators Some of the areas from which bank management may gain knowledge by using business performance management include: * customer-related numbers: * new customers acquired * status of existing customers attrition of customers (including breakup by reason for attrition) * turnover generated by segments of the customers – possibly using demographic filters * outstanding balances held by segmen ts of customers and terms of payment – possibly using demographic filters * collection of bad debts within customer relationships * demographic analysis of individuals (potential customers) applying to become customers, and the levels of approval, rejections and pending numbers * delinquency analysis of customers behind on payments profitability of customers by demographic segments and segmentation of customers by profitability * campaign management * real-time dashboard on key operational metrics * overall equipment effectiveness * clickstream analysis on a website * key product portfolio trackers * marketing-channel analysis * sales-data analysis by product segments * callcenter metricsThough the above list describes what a bank might monitor, it could refer to a telephone company or to a similar service-sector company. Items of generic importance include: 1. onsistent and correct KPI-related data providing insights into operational aspects of a company 2. timely availability of KPI-related data 3. KPIs designed to directly reflect the efficiency and effectiveness of a business 4. information presented in a format which aids decision-making for management and decision-makers 5. ability to discern patterns or trends from organized information Business performance management integrates the company’s processes with CRM or[citation needed] ERP. Companies should become better able to gauge customer satisfaction, control customer trends and influence shareholder value. [citation needed] How to cite Business Performance Management Assessment Tools, Papers

Environment Impact Aerial Tours

Question: Discuss about theEnvironment Impact for Aerial Tours. Answer: Introduction: Environmental Impact Assessment, also known as EIA for short, encompasses a step by step process of gauging the impact of a business proposal on the environment. The motive behind this study is to discern some ideas to reduce any adverse impact on environment. UNEP (United Nations Environment Program) has sustained this concept as an acceptable approach to be used in the appraisal of a business proposal regarding its environmental impact. It facilitates alternative methods that are less deteriorating for the environment. The scope of EIAs plans, programs and policies is increasing day by day. (Morrison-Saunders Arts, 2012) Case study- Aerial Tours A company named Aerial Tours wants to conduct an environmental impact assessment of its new business proposal before reaching to a final decision. The business line of this company includes carrying out operations of chairlifts and cable cars for tourists. The new proposal is to build a cable car with aerial features. It will be constructed at Adelaide Hills of Mt. Lofty. For this purpose, they have chosen to plant their base station at Waterfall Gully. The project also includes construction of a building at the base station from where cable cars will be operated and there will also be a room for ticket office. Besides that, towers at a specified distance and cable cars at a distance interval of 200 metres will also be assembled or created. So, an assessment is to be done regarding the propositions bearing on the environment. A Brief of EIA Directives by EU in Context of Aerial Tours Development Act, South Australia (1993) came into being to supervise the acts of organizations that may impact natural diversity adversely. It aimed at maintaining the construction of buildings so as to conserve natural wealth as well. Environmental impact assessment directives given by European Commission in 1985 cover many public and private enterprises and guide them if they need to conduct an assessment regarding environmental impact of their practices (Barker Wood, 1999). Annex 1 of environmental impact assessment directives (85/337/EEC) asks to conduct EIA mandatorily if a business proposal is having a serious influence on the environment. It has laid various criteria beyond which waste or damage created by any company is subjected to carry out EIA and identify alternative methods to reduce degradation. For such organizations, EIA is a prescribed activity. If the companys proposal comes under Annex 2 of EIA Directives, then EIA is considered as discretionary for them. This implies that the authorities will decide whether the company should go for EIA or not, depending on the severity and intensity of potential damages that can occur due to its business proposal. For this, they conduct a screening procedure that compares the companys activities with the guidelines provided in Annex 2 (Bond Wathern, 1999). I believe Aerial Tours should be listed under Annex 2 since it will not have a major impact on the vegetation and flora- fauna resources of the locality. However, the construction of a large scale cable chair system will have an adverse impact on nearby water bodies and other natural resources. For example, construction of base line station will impact the natural foliage. So, a screening procedure is required to ascertain whether EIA should be conducted. Hence, EIA is discretionary for this company. Scoping and Screening of Aerial Tours Proposal While conducting an EIA for a companys proposition, the first two steps to be acted upon are screening and scoping. Screening is about checking the validity of a proposal regarding environmental concerns. It gives advance warning regarding any environmental damage so that it can be mitigated. Then scoping is done to ascertain various influences (social, cultural or natural) in detail (Slootweg Kolhoff, 2003). Scoping Techniques Checklist technique: Only the heads of environmental concerns are jotted down in a list and those options are checked which are being impacted by the business practice. Details can be added, if required. Such checklists are known as descriptive checklist. Further improvements in the technique also allow ranking these aspects according to relative significance. Matrix technique: It encompasses the features of checklist and also provides a summary of entire study. Leopolds matrix is an outstanding example. Network technique: This technique presents interrelationship between environmental aspects and corporate activities. They are of different types like sequence diagrams, impact trees, etc. Overlay technique: Mapping is used in this technique. Different plans are mapped and they all are studied simultaneously to give a composite effect. (Snell Cowell, 2006) Scoping Matrix Influencing factors Activities related to the proposal of Aerial Tours Base station Cable cars Towers Ticket office Physical factors Land 7 - 4 3 Water 5 2 7 2 Air 2 3 - - Noise 6 7 3 2 Biological factors Flora 4 2 4 1 Fauna 1 - 4 1 Socio- cultural factors Accidents possibility - 8 3 - (Josimovic et al., 2014) This matrix is inspired by Leopolds matrix for environmental impact assessment. It has been prepared by first ascertaining different major activities of the proposal of underlying company. Then a screening procedure has been undertaken to identify various environmental aspects that are prone to degradation due to this project. Based on both the lists, various rankings based on the intensity of damages are given. Physical factors are considered to be the most prominent. Construction of base station will degrade natural land, hence given high ranking. Water bodies of nearby area will be impacted due to electricity or other requirements. Apart from this, if we consider biological factors, flora and fauna will be impacted mildly by the projects operations. Accidents, under the head of socio- cultural factors, have been given high ranking due to high possibility of failure of cable cars as evident by past records. Besides that, noise pollution will also be a major factor to be considered. Although EIA is discretionary for this organization but it is recommended to undergo this assessment once (Wood, 2000). Critical Component to Be Revised I believe noise pollution and degradation of water bodies are the major factors. The company needs to revise their actions regarding these components. Some alterative operations should be looked for to reduce the adverse impact on the environment. For this, a detailed base line research is required. It should start from identifying the major issues of the above discussed components. Then, alternatives should be identified that can be implemented in this context. Those alternatives are also required to be evaluated thoroughly. Then, the best possible action should be chosen (Huettner et al., 2009). References Barker, A. Wood, C., 1999. An evaluation of EIA system performance in eight EU countries. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 19(4), pp.387-404. Bond, A. Wathern, P., 1999. EIA in the European Union. Handbook of Environmental Impact Assessment. In Blackwell Science, Oxford. pp.223-48. Huettner, M., Leemans, R., Kok, K. Ebeling, J., 2009. A comparison of baseline methodologies for'Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation. Carbon balance and management, 4(1), p.4. Josimovic, B., Petric, J. Milijic, S., 2014. The Use of the Leopold Matrix in Carrying Out the EIA for Wind Farms in Serbia. Energy and Environment Research, 4(1). Morrison-Saunders, A. Arts, J., 2012. Assessing impact: handbook of EIA and SEA follow-up. Earthscan. Slootweg, R. Kolhoff, A., 2003. A generic approach to integrate biodiversity considerations in screening and scoping for EIA. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 23(6), pp.657-81. Snell, T. Cowell, R., 2006. Scoping in environmental impact assessment: Balancing precaution and efficiency? Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 26(4), pp.359-76. Wood, C., 2000. Screening and scoping. Environmental assessment in developing and transitional countries. pp.71-84.